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Lista Tsipras: intervista ad Alessandra Quarta

Europae ha intervistato Alessandra Quarta, candidata per la lista ‘Un’altra Europa con Tsipras’ nel collegio Nord Ovest. L’intervista è stata realizzata nel corso della puntata radiofonica ’Osare Europa: tutto quello che avreste voluto sapere sull’Europa e non avete mai osato chiedere’ andata in onda nel corso della manifestazione HackUnito presso il Campus Luigi Einaudi di Torino.

Dottoressa Quarta, innanzitutto vorremmo chiederle come sta andando la campagna…

La campagna sta andando molto bene. In giro c’è un buon clima, possiamo essere, io credo,moderatamente ottimisti: penso supereremo senza grandi difficoltà la soglia del 4% perché c’è una grandissima attivazione sul territorio, una grandissima partecipazione che riempie quest’assenza di comunicazione mediatica a cui stiamo assistendo.

Allora facciamo noi un po’ di “mediatica” per voi. Uno dei punti forti del vostro programma è l’opposizione all’Europa liberista che tutti si attendono. Come proponete di superare la crisi rimanendo distanti dalla politica di austerity?

Le politiche di austerità ci sono presentate come l’unica ricetta economica e sociale da portare avanti per uscire dalla crisi. In realtà quanto accaduto in Grecia testimonia che così non è stato: le conseguenze dell’attuazione di quelle scelte di natura economica hanno aggravato in Grecia la crisi portando a delle situazioni drammatiche. Ne cito una soltanto: l’università, a rischio di chiusura. Per questo noi pensiamo che sia necessario proporre un modello alternativo, un’espressione che a volte risulta un po’ abusata, ma che nel nostro caso significa pensare che l’Europa punti sul rilancio  del lavoro. Credo che la necessità di elaborare un piano occupazionale a livello europeo stia diventando sempre più impellente, lavorando contemporaneamente a delle misure di welfare che sappiano ricostruire quello stato sociale diffusissimo in gran parte dell’Europa, che proprio le misure di austerità hanno colpito duramente.

Secondo lei, trattando il tema dei diritti civili, quello dei diritti degli omosessuali e, allargando il campo, quello che riguarda la legalizzazione delle droghe leggere, pensa cheuna linea comune europea su queste materie possa aiutare a migliorare l’integrazione stessa all’interno dell’Unione?

Io credo che l’Europa debba fornire uno standard minimo di diritti, in questo caso di diritti civili, che sia valido in tutti i Paesi membri. Noi abbiamo delle legislazioni molto differenti all’interno dell’Europa: penso per esempio al diritto di un aborto legale e sicuro. Noi in Italia abbiamo la 194, nonostante molto spesso le difficoltà di applicarla la vanifichino, ma in altri Paesi, penso alla Spagna e al Portogallo, questo diritto all’autodeterminazione non viene riconosciuto. Per questo penso che, se l’Europa adottasse un provvedimento in grado di dare la direzione politica in questa materia, sarebbe molto importante per gli Stati membri. In realtà si era provato a portare avanti questo tipo di ragionamento: nel dicembre del 2013 il Parlamento Europeo aveva iniziato la discussione di una risoluzione, detta “risoluzione Estrela” dal nome dell’europarlamentare portoghese che l’aveva proposta, in cui si riconoscevano l’importanza di un aborto legale sicuro, diritti in materia di lotta alla trans-omofobia, l’introduzione dell’educazione sessuale nella formazione scolastica. La risoluzione non è poi passata per un pugno di voti, tra cui pesa l’astensione di 7 europarlamentari del Partito Democratico, che a queste elezioni europee risultano peraltro tutti, tranne uno, ricandidati. Se il Parlamento Europeo avesse adottato questa risoluzione, sarebbe stato un segnale verso una politica da intraprendere e da riportare poi all’interno degli Stati membri.

Può presentarci il vostro candidato alla Commissione Europea, Tsipras ?

Alexis Tsipras è il giovane leader di Syriza, una forza di sinistra radicale, ma a vocazione maggioritaria, che ha saputo ricostruire i rapporti sociali ripartendo dai bisogni della persona attraverso un impegno molto attivo. Negli ultimi anni, e proprio partendo dalla situazione della Grecia, Tsipras ha pensato che non si potesse curare più soltanto la dimensione nazionale, ma si dovesse necessariamente portare i problemi della Grecia, e soprattutto le questioni europee che questa poi rappresentava, all’interno delle istituzioni europee. La candidatura di Alexis Tsipras è presentata dalla Sinistra Europea, sostenuta in Francia dal Front de Gauche, in Germania da Die Linke e da Izquierda Unida in Spagna. C’è quindi un fronte molto ampio che ha a cuore gli interessi europei: in Italia è tutto schiacciato su un sondaggio di opinione sul governo in carica e manca paradossalmente il vero protagonista di questa campagna, che è l’Europa. Perquesto credo che la lista “Un’altra Europa con Tsipras” meriti di essere premiata.

Originally published in: http://www.rivistaeuropae.eu/europee14/lista-tsipras-intervista-ad-alessandra-quarta/

In foto, Alessandra Quarta insieme ad Alexis Tsipras nel corso della visita a Torino del candidato della Sinistra Europea (© Mirko Isaia – Flickr 2014)

 

Videoforum con Alexis Tsipras - Repubblica TV

 

 

E' nato ad Atene il 28 luglio 1974, pochi giorni dopo la caduta della dittatura dei colonnelli. Ha 39 anni, una laurea in ingegneria e un curriculum politico che va dai movimenti giovanili comunisti alla sinistra radicale e no global, alla leadership del partito di opposizione, Syriza, al momento considerato prima forza politica in Grecia. Si candida alla presidenza della Commissione Ue per il partito della Sinistra europea. In Italia è sostenuto da L'altra Europa(lista Tsipras), ovvero Azione civile, Sel, Rifondazione comunista, Partito Pirata.  

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Alexis Tsipras: “La austeridad nos lleva a la recesión”


Alexis Tsipras, líder del partido griego Syriza, ha sido elegido como candidato de la Izquierda Europea para presidir la Comisión. La formación europea celebró su cuarto congreso en Madrid el pasado fin de semana. (14-15 de Diciembre 2013)

Entrevista de Alexis Tsipras con Efi Koutsokosta para es.euronews.com

Empecemos por su candidatura para la presidencia de la Comisión Europea para las próximas elecciones europeas. ¿Por qué ha decidido decir que sí?

“Era una gran reto para mí personalmente y para Syriza. La verdad es que
lo que pasa en Europa repercute en Grecia y viceversa, lo quen pasa en Grecia tiene consecuencias en Europa. Por tanto un gobierno de izquierda en Grecia enviará un mensaje potente a Europa, será la piedra que agitará las aguas tranquilas y será la oportunidad para que se produzca un gran cambio en Europa”.

Todavía habla del fracaso de los planes de asistencia. Pero también sabemos que se han acabado en Irlanda y Portugal.

“Déjeme plantearlo de una forma diferente. España no tenía ningún plan y sin embargo, se han aplicado las mismas combinaciones de políticas que a otros países como Grecia y Portugal. Los políticos españoles utilizaron algunas motivaciones específicas, quizá por dignidad, para que España no estuviera en una posición tan vergonzosa como la que tiene Grecia. Una situación donde el primer ministro no puede decidir nada por sí mismo, ni tampoco la mayoría del gobierno, sin consultar con los funcionarios de la troika que muchas veces imponen opciones esquizofrénicas al Gobierno”.

En Primeravera organizará una conferencia en la que se tratará el problema de la deuda. ¿Cree usted que incluso la eliminación parcial puede ser atractiva para algunos países del sur?. ¿Cómo se puede convencer a los ciudadanos del norte, por ejemplo a los alemanes que han vuelto a elegir a Merkel, con una posición dominante en Europa?

“Tengo un gran respeto por los contribuyentes europeos. Esta propuesta de la izquierda europea es una propuesta ventajosa y sostenible para ellos. Porque con esta política de la señora Merkel, el sur de Europa necesitará perpetuamente nuevos préstamos. La austeridad nos lleva a un círculo vicioso de recesión y nuevos préstamos”.

Interview with the European Left

Alexis Tsipras may become the next Prime Minister of Greece. Indeed, if elections were held today he would win, according to surveys. He almost became the PM two years ago, in the last elections; he was one point short of a win. The popular support of his campaign scared conservatives, not only in Grece but throughout Europe. Many political and other forces banded against him, claiming that if SYRIZA won, the party would take Greece out of the Euro and EZ, and that chaos would ensue. This was a blatant lie meant to scare citizens. SYRIZA is, and has been, committed to keeping Greece in Europe. SYRIZA wants to help reform Europe, and to increase democracy.  

They tried to slander Syriza, but Syriza continued its work  by challenging the Troika and its conservative and social-democratic alllies. They tried to vilify Tsipras, however his image has become associated with hope that Europe will once again be based on freedoms, rights and social services, education and public health, decent wages. His charisma exceeded the boundaries of the Hellenic peninsula.

Alexis Tsipras, 39 years old, today represents the European Left, the only Party which stands up to the Troika and wants to return Europe to its founding values of democracy, and to put the economy in the service of people instead of banks. The first item on the candidate's agenda is to put an end to austerity and the memoranda. He also wants to organize a European Debt Conference that will cancel illegitimate debt, reorganize European institutions and put an end to the economy forces that impoverish workers.

Tsipras is asking for the vote of the European Left in this crucial moment to be able to change politics and not succumb to the forces that support austerity.

 

European Left: Last December, the Party of the European Left, at its Congress and after a deep debate, decided to present a candidate for the Presidency of the European Commission. 84% of the delegates gave you the responsibility to do it with the goal to raise a strong voice in Europe for an alternative to end austerity. How do you evaluate the work that has been done during these last 5 months?

Alexis Tsipras: During the past five months I was able to meet and talk with the ordinary woman and man on the street in various bigger and smaller cities across Europe. Because I have not centered my pre-electoral campaign on TV studios. I have not run a TV campaign at all. Nor am I lecturing people behind closed doors. I feel certain that the message of hope and change of the European left has come across. I also feel certain that people now know that there is a credible alternative to neoliberal Europe of Ms Merkel. They now know that the European Left is presenting realistic alternative policies to meet the needs of 21st century Europe. They all have clear conscience of the fact that this May we are voting for our lives.

EL.: We are in a critical crossroad to decide what will be the future for people in Europe, in which conditions we will survive after the crisis and how will be the social, economic and environmental European policy for the next 5 years. In this context, what message do you have for the 400 millions Europeans entitled to vote on May 25th?

A. T.: They should all participate in the May election. They should not let the others vote for them. Particularly, all the people who want to end austerity now, they should go and vote against austerity. They should go and vote for the European Left. We should all stand up and be counted! Because these elections are unique. They are a referendum on our lives. It is for the first time that their results are so critical for Europe, for our countries, for each and every one of us. Our vote affects the course, not only of each of our countries separately, but of the entire Continent. This time we can. It is now urgent. To roll back neoliberalism and the German Europe. We can and it is urgent. To make Ms. Merkel a political minority in Europe. To isolate her politically. To defeat her. To put an end to austerity to regain democracy. To regain Europe.

Europe is now at a historical juncture. Either it will go on with austerity, unemployment, and poverty for many years. With less democracy. Or it will change course, fostering growth, justice and decent work. With more democracy. That’s why the dilemma we face on election day throughout Europe is clear: Either with the Left or with austerity. Either with the Left or with Merkel. In the elections of this May, either those who are responsible for the crisis will be defeated and the institutional context of austerity will be permanently overturned. Or, they will be able to go on, as if nothing has happened in Europe in the last four years; they will go on, with lies and evasions, killing both the peoples and the future of Europe. For those who reject austerity and want a better future; who want hope for themselves and for their families; who want jobs and prosperity; the European Left is that future.

EL.: If the main objective of European Left is to refound Europe, where to start from and which are the keys of the change?

A. T.: To be able to change Europe we first need to change the balance of political forces in Europe. That is up to the peoples of Europe to do, with their vote in a few days. Europe should turn Left, with a strong vote to the European Left. We should make 2014 a year of change. Then, there will be two keys to change: one, the immediate end of austerity and all Memoranda, and two, the gradual democratic reorganization of European institutions, ensuring citizen participation in decisions that concern them, so as to tackle the so-called “democratic deficit”.

EL.: You say austerity does not work, but it worked very well for the so called “casino economy” which, as you declared before, took advantage of the crises to become richer by taking profit of the reduction of labour cost and the privatization and sale of the public resources. How are you going to fight against the powerful financial markets which rule the world without wining any election?

A. T.: The power of financial markets is derived and is political. This is in the sense that their power has been accorded to them by the European political establishment. In the context of laissez-faire neoliberalism, it withdrew all forms of direct and indirect controls from their operation and allowed the banking system to fuel them with financial-product liquidity. The conservatives, the liberals and the social-democrats, they all conceded to make democracy responsive to the markets and not vice versa. It is a neoliberal policy choice. Casino capitalism can be contained on the European level. To achieve that, however, we should first reverse the balance of political forces in Europe in favor of the European Left. That would enable us to put forward our political proposals. For example, a “European Glass-Steagall Act”, which is central to our program, would by itself contain casino capitalism in Europe, as it would separate commercial and investment banking activities, prevent such a dangerous merging of risks into one uncontrolled entity, and curtail commercial banks’ engagement in securities and other financial-product activities.

EL.: What is your project to create employment for the 27 million Europeans who are looking for jobs, especially for the young people, with rates of unemployment that reach 60% in Greece and Spain?

A. T.: An indispensable immediate first step would be to end austerity and introduce an internal-demand-oriented policy, centered on increasing the incomes and, thereby, the consumption-capacity of the lower and middle classes. A parallel step would be the so-called “European New Deal”. That is, a European plan of, initially, public investment in the areas of education, research and innovation, new technologies and infrastructure with strong and earmarked European funding. We will give priority to the coordinated reflation of European economies so that Europe stops whirling around the trap of recession, stagnation and anemic growth, with high employment.

EL.: You and the European Left call for a European Convention on debt and public investment in order to solve the problem of the debts of countries in difficulty, as it´s been done with Germany in 1953, as a first step torwards the economic recovery. What are the proposals of the EL to sort out the problem of the debt?

A. T.: Our political plan to manage Eurozone overindebtedness effectively, credibly, and definitely relies on three pillars: first, ending austerity. Because austerity is the feeder of the debt to GDP ratio. Thus, we need policy change to bring about balanced and viable growth. But growth will not appear as soon as austerity ends. Therefore, the second pillar is the “European New Deal” that I mentioned above. And, in parallel, the third pillar is the “European Debt Conference” to deal with the volume of outstanding debt per se. That could involve a variety of possible country-specific solutions, including writing-off a significant part of the face value, with a “growth clause” for the repayment of the remaining part, partial debt monetization by the European Central Bank, moratorium on debt repayments, etc.

EL.: You also insisted in the need to build the broadest possible social and political alliances. How is this process working?

A. T.: Changing Europe is a task of historic proportions that requires the engagement of the widest possible social and political forces. It will not happen overnight. It is a process which involves both immediate changes (economic policy) and step-by-step reforms to dismantle the neoliberal structure of Eurozone economic governance that Ms Merkel and her political allies have been building during the years of the crisis. For example, the necessary annulation of the so-called European fiscal compact, which has been ratified either by referendum or through a standard parliamentary procedure, cannot be a one-day affair. It is no coincidence that Greece, which, since May 2010, has been a guinea pig for the neoliberal policy prescriptions of the European Union and, accordingly, a source of a negative domino in the European South, could now become, with a SYRIZA government, the source of a reverse, positive domino across Europe; the source of ending austerity and initiating democratic change. That’s why the vote for the European Left is a vote for the democratic future of Europe. We should shift the balance of political power in Europe in order to change it. Neoliberalism is neither a natural phenomenon nor is it invincible. It is only the product of political choice under a historically specific balance of forces in Europe. It owes its longevity as the reigning economic paradigm, mainly the social-democrats, who, in the mid-1990s, adopted the political strategy of comprehensive accommodation to its principles and policy goals.

EL.: Another main decision which is going to be taken during the next European legislature is the approval or rejection of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) which will deeply determine our lives, economy and democracy. The Party of the European Left has a very strong position against the TTIP. What are the most dangerous points of that agreement?

A. T.: The European Left will never accept a trade agreement that adds to the race to the bottom in social, labor, health-safety and environmental standards, which is usually implicit in trade agreements, a race to the bottom in democracy. We will never accept a trade agreement that allows private companies to enact legal procedures against national governments in the event of a change in the economic or investment policy that they deem harmful to their interests. This exceeds all precedent and is absolutely intolerable.

EL.: One day, in a press conference, you said that the day before you preferred to watch the football match between Real Madrid and Barcelona rather than the TV debate between Schulz and Juncker, because at least the football player where having a real game. How do you define the two candidates of S&D and EPP, Schulz and Juncker?

A. T.: My comments are only political. In my opinion, Mr Juncker and Mr Schulz are politically complementary. Despite their differences, they are part of the same neoliberal consensus. That’s why they consume the pre-electoral period with generalities and wishes, hiding their true and common austerity agenda.

 

Originally published: http://european-left.org/positions/news

The Guardian's Q&A with Alexis Tsipras

Earlier today (12:00-14:00 BST), Alexis Tsipras, candidate for President of the European Commission, participated in a live Q&A session via The Guardian.

The President of Syriza received numerous questions regarding various EU-related issues.

If you missed the Q & A, you can read the answers here.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alexis Tsipras to Italian newspaper “Il Sole 24 Ore”: "Promoting growth key to ending austerity”

To overcome the crisis, Alexis Tsipras calls for "the end of austerity, based on new policies that will promote growth."

In an interview with the Italian newspaper «Il Sole 24 Ore», the president of SYRIZA and candidate for president of the European Commission, Alexis Tsipras, discussed his views on austerity, and its effects on Greece and Europe, overall: "Austerity has not produced economically viable results, and has led to devastating consequences for society."

"Promoting competition based on austerity has destabilized the monetary union and lead to recession and unemployment,” stated Tsipras. Highlighting the situation in Greece, he continued, “Austerity caused a humanitarian crisis of unprecedented proportions in a European country during peacetime. Since Greece signed the Memorandum, my country has sunk into poverty: according to the latest data from the Greek National Statistical Office, 34.6% of the population lives in poverty. According to an OECD study, approximately, 18% of people don’t have the necessary money for their purchase their prescription medicines."

Tsipras favors the redistribution of income for public investment in development projects in Greece. He also calls for a European «New Deal» that will promote investment in research, technology, infrastructure and social benefits in order to create permanent jobs with decent wages.

Commenting on European politics, Tsipras expressed his deep concern about the French far-right populist Marie Le Pen. He sees her rise as a “social phenomenon" in response to the "EU’s lack of transparency and bureaucracy, which has alienated citizens and in some cases, has induced, perhaps, feelings of hostility." Discussing the public spending reforms supported by Italian Prime Minister, Matteo Renzi, Tsipras points out that similar reforms in Greece have had staggeringly negative consequences. “Cuts in public spending are nothing more than a euphemism for austerity," he concluded.

Originally published: http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-04-18/tsipras-un-new-deal-europeo-063826.shtml?uuid=ABJBr8BB

"We have been ruled by banks for too long" - ETC Beta (Sweden)

Alexis Tsipras leads a party that has almost a third of the voters' support. He is also vying to become the European Commission president. “Greece's fate is inseparable from that of the European Union’s,” said Tsipras. "Now the Left has finally started to resist. We need common solutions."

What one typically hears in the Swedish media about Greece is the Golden Dawn. The narrative of the lazy Greek has been replaced by one of a country where everything is unraveling and Nazism is on the rise. But the vast majority of citizens who do not have food for the day are not interested in Nazism.

What is on the rise in Greece, in earnest, since the crisis is the Left. The large demonstrations, which draw unions and diverse civil society groups, support the Left’s calls for austerity to end.

Greece's leftist party, SYRIZA, has grown into Europe's largest. What originally started as a loose coalition of socialists, ecologists, feminists, citizen groups, workers and Trotskyists, who rarely got more than four percent in the elections, now have 30 percent in the polls. Most people think that SYRIZA’s leader Alexis Tsipras, will become the Greek Prime Minister. Tsipras is also vying for the position of European Commission president.

"Humanitarian crisis "

Alexis Tsipras recently attended a rally in Palermo. I sit an hour in the Parliament, smoking cigarettes with his secretary and his bodyguard, who is also his personal trainer, although Tsipras no longer has time to train. He shows up and we have time for a coffee before meeting with a Greek protest singer to join the ballot.

What was it like in Palermo?

It was crazy, I felt like a football player! When I landed, many people were waiting for me, crying. SYRIZA has become a beacon for the Left in Europe. We speak for many citizens. For the Italians, we’ve given them a unifying party framework. Across Europe, so many people have had their wages slashed and owe large debts to the banks, and they are hoping we can do something about it.

Is the crisis not over now? That’s what is reported in the Swedish media.

Is that what they say? They would never be able to say something like that in Greece. With 30 percent unemployment and 60 percent youth unemployment? With three million people without Social Security? We have a humanitarian crisis in Greece. This year, the number of deaths from influenza increased exponentially and experts say it is due to the difficulty of access to vaccines and medical care.

But Greece has a surplus of EUR 1.5 billion for the first time since the crisis began and is now able to borrow on the markets again.

I am convinced that the statistics are biased. The government has manipulated the budget in order to prove that the Troika program has been a success. Had we been in government, they would have never recognized any budget surplus. You see, this policy is very, very dirty. The positive numbers were introduced, and next day the Troika delivered an agreement of 600 pages that required a vote in Parliament. The agreement calls for the state to provide 50 billion to our major banks, liberalising labor laws, more pay cuts and privatizations. However, the government is in a state of panic now because of the Nazi scandal with Baltakos, and the Troika sees an opening to push them further. The government wants to convince us that the Troika program has been a success story. But who are they trying to fool? When the first Memorandum was adopted, the national debt was 120 percent of GDP. We were not able to borrow on the markets then. What has changed now—other than the fact that the debt is now 175 percent of GDP.

Most people think that you will become Greece's next prime minister. What would be the first thing you would do as PM?

The first would be to regulate the interest payments. The second, to abolish laws that the Troika has foisted on Greece. There are over 400 laws—and it’s important to note that the Troika has essentially created a new institution in our country. The third thing would be to alleviate the humanitarian crisis =. And fourth, to restore Greece's productive base.  We will restore wages to the level they were prior to the crisis. We will raise the minimum wage in the private sector from 520 euros a month to 750. We’re concerned given the high unemployment that people will still accept lower wages, while their employers state in name only that they’re paying 750 euros. The only way to really raise wages is to reduce unemployment.

What happens then if you come to power and implement you agenda, only to be rebuffed by Europe. Without money, you will be in quite a difficult position for a Leftist party that wants to make reforms.

The question is: Will Europe accept that a full-blown humanitarian crisis occur? We already have a shortage of medicine. People are living without electricity. Things are poised to become much worse. So, yes, it is important and necessary that we renegotiate the loan. Paying interest must cease, and through a meeting of all indebted countries in Europe's periphery, a common solution must be proposed. We want a European “New Deal,” a solution similar to what was offered to Germany in 1953. Europe will agree to help us get back on our feet, and until we do, the interest payments must be halted.

Honestly - do you really think the IMF and the European leaders agree to this?

I'm a realist. It will be difficult for them to refuse. More and more people are acknowledging that the Troika program has been a disaster. It cannot continue. Even the IMF is talking about debt relief now. A Greek bankruptcy is the last thing Europe wants to see--partly because we are a systemic risk to the euro and the banks, partly because Germany has earned over 40 billion during the crisis, and that’s only in profits from bonds. If the alternative is bankruptcy or a government that would negotiate the terms, they will not have any alternative.

Within the radical left many say that you have been toned down your rhetoric since you’ve become President of the party, and that you now surround yourself with right-wing economists.

We must be realistic . Of course we will not say: Dear Mrs. Merkel, give us money so we can create a socialist island in Europe!

Why not?

If we want socialism, then we can aspire to that once we can stand on our own feet again. When we 're ready. First we have to put an end to the crisis, regain market confidence, and balance the budget—it’ll take four to five years.

What is your take on the revelations that the Conservative party arrested the members of Golden Dawn for political reasons?

We knew that Samaras’ (Antonis Samaras, Greece's prime minister) colleagues had relationships with the Golden Dawn. Everyone was aware of this, but it was difficult to prove. Now it has become obvious. The bad news is that this is bolstering support for the Golden Dawn. They say it was political horse-trading, and that they were wrongly convicted. Personally, I think the government's decision to revoke their amnesty and imprison them was an accurate decision—and it should have been done long ago. Dendias, the Minister of Justice, had evidence of the Golden Dawn’s Nazi violence over a year and half ago. This begs the question, why was it only when Fyssas (Pavlos Fyssas, anti-racist artist) was killed action was taken against the Golden Dawn? What the video of Baltakos negotiating with the Golden Dawn proved is that the Nazis are not anti-systemic. They are very much a part of the system, even if they want to get their voters to think otherwise.

You say you are going to create a productive base. The countries of southern Europe historically have not had the heavy industry that Northern Europe had, but rather light industry, services and agriculture. Is not that one of the causes of the trade imbalance? What do you think Grece should produce?

This is not a country where they make cars. But we have a lot of natural resources to be tapped: metals in the mountains, minerals and natural gas—which are now being privatized. We want to reshape the tourism sector and invest in green technology, solar energy. Our main asset is our educated youth. As things stand now, over 300,000 educated young people have left Greece in recent years.

Privateers are trying to take advantage of the crisis and acquire Greece's state assets. While this is obvious that it has to do with the crisis, they only see the chance for profit. Are you going to re-nationalize any of these assets, such as the railroad?

The railway is not a top priority. It was underdeveloped even when the state owned it. In contrast, water and electricity must remain with the State, and with all public goods that are serve the common good of the citizens. We wish to involve foreign capital, but in partnership with the state.

Tell me about yourself and your background. Were your parents involved in politics?

My father was an engineer, my mother a homemaker. They were not politically active. At an early age, around 7 years old, I took my father's newspapers, laid them out on the floor and tried to read them. I was politically active from my student years during university. I was out putting up posters at night, everything was very romantic, we thought we were going to bring about a revolution .

What did your parents think of this?

I wasn’t that forthcoming about my activities! I’ve always gone against the grain, joining the Young Communist League in 1989, just after the fall of the Berlin wall and during perestroika. Everyone was abandoning communism, and I was drawn to it.

Regarding your candidacy to become EU Commission President--was it your idea?

No, no! It was Gabi Zimmer’s, the president of the EU Left group, who asked me back in October. I wasn’t sure at first, but then I realized - this is a brilliant opportunity because it gives us a chance to play in their court. It is the first time that the European Left will have the opportunity to shape the policies of the EU. We will break the liberal and social democratic consensus that has prevailed for so long. People have the same problems everywhere in Europe. Borders are not what separate us—it is social classes.  Young unemployment, housing issues, climate change—these affect all of us across Europe. We have been ruled by banks for too long. There is a class war going on, masked by the rescue packages. Now the Left has finally started to resist. We need common solutions. Governing the EU will give us a chance to turn it into something completely different.

Interview originally in Swedish: http://www.etc.se/utrikes/grekiske-vansterledaren-vi-har-regerats-av-banker-alltfor-lange

Alexis Tsipras on Austrian Public Broadcaster ORF - Inside.BRUSSEL

 

International journalists and leading candidates for the European Parliament election discuss their vision for Europe and their proposals to achieve their goals. 

Moderator:  Raimund Löw, ORF (Austrian Public Broadcaster) - Brussels correspondent      

Ska Keller (candidate of the Greens) 
Alexis Tsipras (candidate of the Left) 
Bojan Pancevski (Sunday Times, London) 
Cerstin Gammelin (Süddeutsche Zeitung) 
Giovanni del Re (Avvenire, Rome) 
Philipp Hacker (Kurier)

 

Alexis Tsipras’ Interview on ORF

The only way out for the European South is growth - not austerity policies

The economic policies that were applied in Greece and the European South did not serve to combat the debt crisis but to impose an austerity policy, dismantle labor relations so as to create a zone of cheap labor, and privatize and sell off the public assets. Europe economy will not become more competitive through the reduction of labor costs. The answer for Europe is not to slash wages to match the Chinese economy.

The fact that the target was the imposition of austerity and not the resolution of the debt crisis can be easily seen in the case of Greece’s return to the financial markets. At the time of the first Memorandum, Greek debt was 120% of GDP—a number considered too prohibitive to allow Greece to borrow money. Now the debt is 175% and Greece has returned to the markets, against logic.

Common sense dictates that the only solution for Greece and the European South is growth, in order to be able to pay their debts and stop burdening the more powerful European countries – and their citizens – with more and more bail-out debts.

Alexis Tsipras also pointed out:

  • On a political level, it is crucial that national sovereignty is not lost and powers are not taken over by supranational organizations, which will not be accountable to citizens. We must make Europe more democratic and work toward increasing social cohesion so as to face our common European future with more optimism.
  • We do not want to abolish the European Council but to transfer crucial decision-making powers to the European Parliament. The Left does not want to cancel Europe but rather to go return to the values on which Europe was founded: solidarity, social cohesion, and democracy.
  • It is not only our European partners who are responsible for our problems. It is obvious that the Greek government is also responsible for the mismanagement of Greece. The medicine that was prescribed for Greece, though, made the situation even worse. The various Greek governments have never attempted to negotiate so as to curry favor with those in powerful positions, including Mrs. Merkel.
  • Stopping austerity means stopping wage and pension cuts because there are people who earn so little that whatever extra money they are given will be spent and not saved. This would boost the economy and lead to growth, as it happened in the USA after the Great Depression of 1929. The opposite was done in Weimar, with well-known disastrous results.
  • The solution we propose involves the write-off of a large part of the debt, moratorium on payments, and a growth clause. This was the solution given to Germany after the Second World War by the London Debt Agreement in 1953 and created the conditions that led to its economic miracle.
  • Of course, it is also necessary to proceed to structural reforms that will lead to a less bureaucratic, less wasteful state that will serve the citizens. However, austerity policies have done exactly the opposite: cuts were made without evaluation or a structured method to make the state more efficient. This cannot happen through the elimination of absolutely necessary work positions in the public sector. This only means fewer hospitals, fewer schools, less benefits.
  • The developments in Ukraine could signal a new dangerous divide in the heart of Europe. The EU bears a degree of responsibility for tolerating certain violations of Ukraine’s constitutional framework. That said, any breach of the international law principles is unacceptable. We should prevent the rekindling of tension and conflict. The only way out is through dialogue – not sanctions, which have proven ineffective.
  • Mrs. Merkel visited Athens to show here support for the Samaras government ahead of the forthcoming elections.  Certainly no European country would welcome such interference in its politics. Her supposed “presents” cannot possibly cure the Greek economy, which would need a European public investment plan for development, and not a few million euros just before election time.

Alexis Tsipras to Mezz’Ora: Beppe Grillo doesn’t understand - anger is not enough

Alexis Tsipras states that Greece initially sympathised with Grillo, who stood for the anger that Italian citizens were feeling, but anger is not enough. Grillo cannot simply ‘pretend’ to not understand the European reality. In Tsipras’ view, both populism and austerity must be addressed in the upcoming elections. Europe remains mired in class struggles, and Renzi’s support of neoliberal policies will not yield any productive solutions.

During the last two months, interesting changes have been occurring in the Italian political landscape. The political party, “The Other Europe with Tsipras,” which has amassed over 150,000 signatures protesting an unjust law, is mobilizing citizens who seek an alternative to austerity and special interest politics.

The German newspaper, “Der Spiegel” has called Tsipras the number 1 enemy of Europe. Tsipras counters that he aims to be an enemy of corruption, special interests and austerity. These values are shared by the candidates of “The Other Europe with Tsipras,” including Barbara Spinelli. She notes the disdain that many current European leaders have toward those expressing differing views, and how the answer is often to seek to suppress rather than work with those voices.

Summary from article: http://www.huffingtonpost.it/ and video: http://video.corriere.it

Interview in Repubblica.it (English version)

1. Mr. Tsipras you say: “I am not the candidate of Southern Europe.” Who are you representing?

I’m not representing a particular country, nationality or geographical region. I’m a candidate of the European Left, which has a distinct political and social program focused on the comprehensive, definitive and inclusive exit from the crisis and the bolstering of democracy in Europe. Our goal is to establish a democratic, social and environmentally sustainable Europe. As such, I represent all European citizens who are opposed to austerity and who champion democracy, regardless of who they’ve voted for in the past or their place of residence.

The “Other Europe“ and the European Left stand for the values of work and culture, and are committed to aiding young people, who are in danger of becoming a lost generation due to austerity. We represent all citizens, whether they are Italians, Germans, Greeks or French. My candidacy seeks to join in solidarity all those that neoliberalism hopes to divide.

The European Left can positively affect the lives of citizens. We’re interested in changing politics—not simply being a protest movement. We’re ready to shape European developments—not as frustrated bystanders, but playing a leading role.

I’m positive that the “Other Europe” in Italy, SYRIZA in Greece and the European Left, as a whole, will capture the hearts and minds of citizens in the upcoming elections this May. As the only real rival and political alternative to neoliberalism, we stand united as force for change and hope in Europe.

2. Unemployment, especially among young people, is the major challenge for you. How can you guarantee new jobs with new “recipes”?

Some of the “recipes” are not new; they were used in the New Deal. We need to put a definitive end to austerity, strengthen domestic investment through redistribution and public investment in infrastructure and innovation. We need liquidity for small businesses (SME’s)--those that can create jobs in Europe. The citizens of Europe did not bail out the banks only to have them now keep the purse-strings tightly drawn and not fund the real economy.

We’ll also encourage other economic models, such as modern cooperatives. Creating growth through jobs that support environmentally sustainable projects, while protecting the planet—our common home--is another area of focus for us. We cannot guarantee success, but we can guarantee that we will fight and do our best. With the active participation of young people, we hope to put a stop to this downward economic spiral, and give hope to an otherwise lost generation.

3. Can we say Angela Merkel is your political enemy, a sort of "devil" of Europe?

We do not see our political adversary as the devil—and there really is no need to use those kinds of terms. SYRIZA and the European Left want to do away with the policy of austerity that Angela Merkel has imposed in Europe, with the notable exception of her own country. We want a more democratic Europe, not a German-centered, neoliberal Europe.

4. Many argue for abandoning the Euro. You’ve indicated that you wish to keep euro, but do so with a different sent of policies in place. Post-elections, you will be forced to establish alliances. Are the social democrats in your sights?

Millions of European citizens support having a single currency, but do not want the policies associated with austerity that lead societies into poverty, and exacerbate the growing gap between rich and poor in all countries. Common ground can be found among those interested in acting on the demands of their citizens.

5. Is their a key country in your campaign for President of the European Commission?

We’re seeking to mobilize all of Europe--there aren’t any “key” countries for us. We promote the positions of the European Left and of SYRIZA, in countries that have member parties of the European Left, and in others, such as Italy, where we’re laying the groundwork for the future. We speak directly with citizens; after all, we’re the only ones talking about “specifics.” We’re against austerity and the use of the Memoranda as the basis for the European fiscal compact, as Mr. Schäuble has indicated support for, and has proposed is implemented after the European elections. Mr Juncker’s position is not that far off from Mr. Schäuble’s, and Mr. Schulz has avoided committing to a concrete position to date.

6. What is your opinion of Matteo Renzi and the constitutional reforms he’s attempting to pass? Do you think there’s room for dialogue between the Partito Democratico and “L’Altra Europa con Tsipras”?

Since I don’t live in Italy, I’m not in a position to comment on local politics and domestic policy matters. It’s not my place to tell the Italian government what to do or how to run things. Of course, Mr. Renzi will be judged on the choices he makes and on the results of his decisions. He’ll also be judged on the political alliances he he’s made in Europe. What appears to be the best option for Mrs. Merkel is without a doubt, a dead end for Italy, Greece and the Eurozone, as a whole.

7. The sacrifices that the Greek people have faced have been disastrous. Are things better now?

The answer to your question is “No”. The Greek Government has been celebrating the achievement of the primary surplus while turning a blind eye—and hoping that Greek citizens do the same—to the collapsed State insurance funds, businesses that are forced to close and lay off their employees despite outstanding payments due from the government, and the closures of numerous public hospitals and schools.

It’s difficult to say that things are better now when 6 out of 10 young people are unemployed, the number of chronically unemployed continues to rise, and worker protections all but non-existent due to the actions of the government and the Troika.

It’s equally difficult to say that things are better now when fear and despair dominate. The primary surplus is not a panacea. Things can get better only if new policies are put in place—our policies—to end austerity, boost domestic demand and aid those who are the poorest, and foster growth.

8. Mr Tsipras, is it possible to change the politics and direction of Europe or it is just a dream?

History is full of dreams that have become reality, because people believed and fought to make those dreams happen. We believe in, and strive to have a Europe that is based on democratic, social and ecological ideals. With the help of our supporters, we’ll make this dream a reality. These elections will be a strong beginning for us. Our numbers will be one of the positive surprises in the upcoming European elections.

Originally published in Italian: http://www.repubblica.it

"Basta con l'austerity, il binario Merkel è morto, Renzi deve capirlo"

Il leader della sinistra europea, oggi in Italia, non chiude al premier e si dice sicuro che ci saranno le firme sufficienti per presentare le liste

di ALESSANDRA LONGO

ROMA - "Ho fiducia nei cittadini di questo Paese. Sono convinto che le liste de "L'Altra Europa con Tsipras" troveranno le adesioni necessarie per partecipare a pieno titolo alle elezioni di maggio. Anzi, lancio un appello: Io, Alexis Tsipras, chiedo agli italiani di andare a firmare per l'unica vera forza politica controcorrente... ". Con il leader greco di Syriza, candidato alla Presidenza della Commissione Europea, parliamo al telefono mentre si prepara al viaggio palermitano di oggi.

Un programma fittissimo che prevede l'omaggio all'albero Falcone e l'incontro con i lavoratori ex Fiat Termini Imerese. Un programma mirato soprattutto a garantire sprint finale alla faticosa raccolta di firme dell'Altra Europa, regione per regione, in ossequio ad una legge parecchio punitiva. Chiacchierata a tutto campo. Su Matteo Renzi, Tsipras non è tranchant: "Sarà giudicato anche dalle sue alleanze politiche in Europa...".

Lei dice: io non sono il candidato dell'Europa del Sud. Mi scusi ma lei chi rappresenta veramente?
"Io non sono il candidato di uno Stato o di una nazione, né di una periferia geografica e neppure rappresento alleanze fra Stati. Io sono un candidato della Sinistra Europea che presenta un programma politico e di priorità programmatiche per l'uscita definitiva e solidale dalla crisi e per la riconquista della democrazia in Europa. Sono il candidato di ogni cittadino europeo che combatte contro l'austerity, indipendentemente dal voto che questo cittadino esprime alle elezioni politiche nazionali e indipendentemente da dove questo cittadino vive".

Italiani, tedeschi, greci o francesi uniti dall'avversione nei confronti del neoliberismo...
"Rappresentiamo tutti quelli che non vogliono assistere al dramma di una generazione perduta a causa dell'austerità. Rappresentiamo le classi e gli interessi sociali, non gli interessi nazionali. La mia candidatura unisce quel che il neoliberismo divide. Siamo una forza politica governativa, non uno spazio di protesta".

Cosa pensa di Matteo Renzi e delle sue riforme del lavoro e costituzionali? Un dialogo con questo Pd sarà possibile?
"Non sono qui in Italia per criticare i vostri rappresentanti politici, tantomeno per commentare la vostra agenda di politica interna. Pensa che possa essere io a suggerire al vostro governo cosa deve fare e come lo deve fare o decidere quali interlocutori debbano scegliere i nostri compagni italiani? Assolutamente no. Le posso dire però che il signor Renzi va giudicato adesso e in futuro per le scelte che farà per il suo Paese e per il segno che esse porteranno. Sarà anche giudicato sulla base delle sue alleanze politiche in Europa".

Nel senso?
"Mi riferisco al percorso che Angela Merkel considera virtuoso per l'Italia, per la Grecia e per tutta la zona Euro. Bisogna sapere che quello è un binario morto".

La Merkel come il diavolo.
"Non uso un approccio teologico con gli avversari politici. Certamente Syriza e Sinistra Europea lottano contro la politica dell'austerità che la Merkel ha imposto a tutti, eccezion fatta forse per il suo Paese. Noi ci battiamo per un'Europa democratica, non per l'Europa tedesca vestita di neoliberismo".

Lei non è di quelli, come i populisti, che vogliono uscire dall'euro. Dopo le elezioni sarà inevitabile il dialogo con gli esponenti del Pse?
"Milioni di cittadini europei credono alla moneta comune, senza il corsetto dell'austerità, senza quelle politiche che allargano sempre di più la distanza tra ricchi e poveri in tutti i Paesi. Con i rappresentanti di questi cittadini possiamo trovare un linguaggio comune".

In Italia i dati sulla disoccupazione giovanile sono agghiaccianti. Si possono garantire nuovi posti di lavoro con nuove ricette?
"Ci sono soluzioni già note dai tempi del New Deal. L'austerità deve finire, bisogna rafforzare la domanda interna, ci vogliono investimenti pubblici nelle infrastrutture, nel campo della conoscenza. Noi europei non ci siamo indebitati per salvare le banche e poi osservarle da lontano mentre tengono chiusi i rubinetti per l'economia reale. Non abbiamo garanzie di successo ma la voglia di batterci sì, quella ce l'abbiamo".

Tsipras ma un'altra Europa è possibile?
"La storia dell'umanità è piena di sogni che sono diventati realtà. Queste elezioni sono un inizio potente per rifondare l'Europa".

Originally published: http://www.repubblica.it

Radical and Realistic: Alexis Tsipras talks to Eoin Ó Broin

• Sinn Féin’s Gerry Adams TD, Seán Crowe TD, EU candidate Lynn Boylan and Pearse Doherty TD meet with Greek anti-austerity leader Alexis Tsipras at the Irish Parliament in Dublin

‘The debt crisis is not a Greek problem, or an Irish one – it is a European problem. Therefore we need a European solution’

ALEXIS TSIPRAS is the leader of Syriza and widely tipped to be the next head of government in Greece. He is also the European Left Party’s candidate in the election for the next president of the European Commission.

He visited Dublin for two days in March to meet political parties, trade unions and activists.

How is the situation now in Greece? After six long hard years of austerity what is the mood among the people?

Right now Greece is in a depression. This is a word with a lot of meanings.

At the level of the economy it is a very tough recession, like the recession in the United States in the 1930s. It is a depression.

At the psychological level it means that people are deeply disappointed and are trying to find a solution. If somebody is 50 years old and has lost his job and he cannot find a new job and he is unemployed it is very difficult for him to have hope.

That’s why I think that after the big shock in the first years of the crisis (with the Troika Memorandum and the big anti-austerity demonstrations) people are now waiting for the day that we will have real political change in Greece.

After the disappointment after the 2012 elections, a lot of people now believe that a solution will only come with a change of government. That is why there are not so many demonstrations on the streets. This is something that I don’t know is good or bad. The majority of the people are counting on Syriza to win the next election to change the situation.

pg-22-2

Sinn Féin Councillor Larry O'Toole and Alexis Tsipras on the ground in Darndale

There was a lot of interest across Europe before the 2012 Greek parliamentary elections. People thought that Syriza may form the next Government. If you had have won that election, what would you have done in Government?

First of all, I think that we would stop the austerity measures. Stop the catastrophe.

Our position was and still is that we would take the decision in the parliament to replace the Troika Memorandum with a national plan of reconstruction.

We would then go to negotiate hard with our partners in the EU.

So our position is very clear. We will replace the Troika Memorandum with a realistic plan based on growth. We would have public investment for growth and public security and then we would renegotiate the loan agreement with our partners to secure a significant cancellation of the debt, not only for Greece but for the entire periphery.

We believe that there is a need for a European debt summit like the summit of London in 1953 which cancelled 60% of Germany’s Second World War debt, with a growth clause and a moratorium on debt repayments.

The debt crisis is not a Greek problem, or an Irish one – it is a European problem. Therefore we need a European solution.

It is very clear for us that if we were the Government in 2012 or if we form the next Government we will stop austerity. This is not something we have to negotiate with our partners in Europe because it is not negotiable to try to stop the humanitarian crisis in Greece. It is not acceptable for any European country to have youth unemployment at 60% or official unemployment at 30%.

We have to renegotiate the debt crisis and find a viable win-win solution that saves the Eurozone but with social cohesion and dignity.

pg-22-3

You are the Left Party’s candidate for the European Commission President. What is your platform in this election?

The programme of my candidacy is based on three key points.

The first is anti-austerity. I am the anti-austerity candidate. Austerity is a bad medicine and is worse for the patient that the illness itself. So we have to stop giving the patient this bad medicine.

The second point is democracy. We need to regain democracy in Europe. We need to deepen democracy in the EU institutions but also to give authority to national parliaments and to the European parliament at the same time.

The third point is solidarity. We want a Europe of solidarity and not the neo-liberal Europe.

These are the three basic points of my campaign. We also have a lot of ideas for the reconstruction of the productive base in the European Union in a more environmental and ecological direction. We want to support movements that protect human rights.

pg-22-4

Sinn Féin Beaumont/Donaghmede representative Denise Mitchell (left) explains some of the problems ordinary people and working-class communities in Ireland are facing due to EU austerity policies

The last few years have seen a significant change in Greek politics, the most important of which has been the growth of Syriza. How have you managed that dramatic growth in the party, the organisation and the support? How have you managed the expectations and the tensions that this growth must have created?

Sometimes it’s more difficult to manage growth than it is to manage decline. Syriza is a very interesting model because we are a coalition with a lot of tendencies and we all co-operate under the idea of unity and common action.

This idea was very attractive, especially to the people of the Left, because although Greece has a strong Left tradition we also have a history of splits and divisions.

Syriza’s proposal for common action was very attractive to left-wing people because they want the Left to play a central role in the political system rather than to be on the sidelines.

The combination of this basic idea of unity with the idea we declared before the election of 2012 – that we are not only here to protest but also to govern – has done a lot to convince people to support us.

In Greece after the dictatorship [the Greek military junta of 1967-74, also known as ‘The Regime of the Colonels’], the Left usually had about 10% of the vote but never enough support to form a government. But we have changed this. In the past, people voted PASOK or New Democracy because they wanted to vote for parties that govern. Now the Left is not only seen as a political force that stands with the people but could be able to make things happen in Government.

Syriza is now not only a party of the Left. It’s like the story of David and Goliath. We are the force that is trying to stand up to the powerful interests in the European Union. This has given Syriza a new dimension.

Of course we have a lot of tendencies and a lot of ideas. We also have a problem because we have 40,000 activists and two million voters. Our growth has meant that we have changed. We have become realistic. But we don’t want to lose our radicalism. If we lose our radicalism we will have lost our soul. We don’t want to lose our soul.

Original: http://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/23878

Wagenknecht: "Wir brauchen ein Europa der Bürger“

Die Stärkung der Rechten in Europa hat nicht zuletzt damit zu tun, dass die EU viel mehr die Interessen der Großkonzerne und der Banken vertritt, als die der kleinen Leute, meint die Linken-Politikerin im DW-Interview.

Sahra Wagenknecht (Foto: dpa)

Deutsche Welle: Die Bürger in der Schweiz haben in einem Referendum entschieden, dass künftig die Zuwanderung auch aus den EU-Ländern begrenzt sein soll. Kann sich ein ähnliches Ergebnis auch in anderen europäischen Ländern wiederholen, insbesondere jetzt, im Vorfeld der Europawahlen?

Sahra Wagenknecht: Das Grundproblem ist, dass die EU-Verträge und die Art der EU-Integration, wie wir sie erleben, so gestaltet ist, dass sie vor allem den Interessen der größten Wirtschaftunternehmen und Banken nutzt. Und das spüren die Leute. Natürlich sind offene Grenzen und Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit positive Errungenschaften. Aber es darf nicht zugelassen werden, dass diese Errungenschaften von den Unternehmen für Lohndumping missbraucht werden. Und genau das findet heute in der Schweiz statt, und in noch höherem Grad in Deutschland. Viele osteuropäische Arbeitnehmer bekommen in Deutschland einen miserablen Löhn. Das senkt das Gesamtlohnniveau, schürt berechtigte Ängste und löst gewisse Abwehraktionen aus. Die Menschen werden dann von Rechtspopulisten und von Nationalisten auf eine ziemlich reaktionäre Weise angestachelt und benutzt. So erleben wir europaweit, dass solche Parteien Zulauf bekommen und dass die EU, so wie sie heute ist, immer mehr an Resonanz, auch an Unterstützung in der Bevölkerung verliert. Das ist nachvollziehbar. Aber es ist auch ein großes Problem. Ich glaube, dass diese Parteien bei der Europawahl tatsächlich relativ stark abschneiden können.

Haben Sie Angst, dass die Populisten in Europa noch stärker werden könnten?

Ja, weil es historische Parallelen gibt, die einem Angst machen. Natürlich kann man das heutige Europa nicht mit dem Europa nach der Weltwirtschaftskrise der 30er Jahren vergleichen. Und trotzdem gibt es Ähnlichkeiten. Damals haben sich gerade in Deutschland viele Menschen von der Demokratie abgewandt, weil sie das Gefühl hatten, sie werden sozial im Stich gelassen. Und es war vor allem die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit damals, die zu dieser Frustration beigetragen hat. Ich hoffe nicht, dass Parteien, die sich offen auf diese faschistoiden Traditionen beziehen, oder solche, die es geschickter machen, in Europa heute mehr Zulauf bekommen. Weil das nämlich eine sehr gefährliche Entwicklung ist.

Was will die Linke konkret in der EU verändern?

Wir brauchen eine ganz andere Balance zwischen den Kompetenzen, die in den Mitgliedsstaaten liegen und verbleiben müssen, und dem, was Europa wirklich regeln kann und regeln sollte. Wir brauchen vor allem eine viel stärkere soziale Ausrichtung dieses Europa. Ich halte gar nichts davon, immer mehr Kompetenzen auf Brüsseler Behörden zu verlagern, ohne die Frage zu stellen: Wie legitimiert sind eigentlich diese Behörden? Die EU-Kommission zum Beispiel ist eigentlich ein Lobbyisten-Club von großen Wirtschaftskonzernen. Das heißt, diese Konzerne sind unmittelbar daran beteiligt, wenn die EU-Kommission irgendwelche Richtlinien schreibt. Das ist keine demokratische Institution. Und selbst das EU-Parlament wird in der Regel gerademal von der Hälfte oder weniger als der Hälfte der Bürgerinnen und Bürgern in der EU gewählt. Auch hier ist die Legitimation schlechter als bei einem nationalen Parlament. Und deswegen sollte sich die EU auf das beschränken, was wirklich europäisch geregelt werden müsste.

Obwohl sich in Griechenland die wirtschaftliche Lage leicht verbessert hat, steckt das Land immer noch in einer tiefen Krise. Soll es einen weiteren Schuldenschnitt für das hochverschuldete Land geben?

Ich bin überzeugt, dass es am Ende keinen anderen Weg gibt, weil die Schulden einfach viel zu hoch sind, um bedient zu werden. Das Problem ist, dass der Schuldenschnitt jetzt natürlich überwiegend zu Lasten der Steuerzahler in Griechenland und der Steuerzahler in den europäischen Ländern geht, weil ein großer Teil der griechischen Schulden vergesellschaftet wurde. Aber das ist eben die Verantwortung der europäischen Politik, die muss auch die Konsequenzen tragen. Es ist eine verlogene Politik gewesen. Einerseits hat man von Griechenland gefordert, Mindestlöhne und Renten zu kürzen sowie Massenentlassungen im öffentlichem Dienst verlangt. Andererseits gab es aber keinerlei Druck auf die griechische Oberschicht, die ja das Desaster überwiegend angerichtet hat, um sie mit ihrem Vermögen zur Kasse zu bitten. Das wäre ein weiterer Schritt: nicht die kleinen Leute, nicht die Mittelschicht, sondern die griechischen Millionäre und Multimillionäre mit einer saftigen Vermögensabgabe dazu zu zwingen, sich an den Kosten dieser Krise zu beteiligen.

Alexis Tsipras interview LaRepublica

Five year into the sovereign debt crisis. How do you judge the European response? What would you have done different?

The recipe for dealing on the part of the European leadership with the debt crisis is going to be taught in economics courses in a few years as a negative example to be avoided.

First of all, the debt crisis is not solely the result of an erroneous developmental model of over-consumption through loans, which is basically what happened in Greece. It is primarily the result of the limits and the asymmetries inherent in the monetary union. Therefore, it is not a crisis of separate countries, Greece or Italy, etc, as it is purposefully being declared by some people in the European Union.

The political establishment in Europe has responded to a European debt crisis through the policy of austerity—of the so-called “domestic devaluation”—which actually worsened it. It has done so for the sole purpose of salvaging the European banks which preserved the sovereign bonds of the over-indebted countries. They care very little if as a result there would be an increase in the ratio between public debt and GDP. As it has been accurately observed by Jurgen Habermas, only this previous Sunday in Potsdam, the management of the crisis “does not only fail to tackle the causes behind the crisis, but actually involves a danger of ending up with a German Europe.” It is characteristic that throughout the duration of the Memoranda and because of the austerity, the Greek public debt is not simply unsustainable—it has in fact gone out of control.

Therefore, what should have happened from the start is a “European Debt Conference” designed to settle comprehensively, credibly, and definitively the sustainability of debt of the countries in the Euro-zone, using the “London Debt Conference” of 1953 which regulated Germany’s post-war debt thereby giving it the necessary impulse for growth and, so, opened up the road to what came to be known as Germany’s “economic miracle.” It happened through the elimination of a good part of its debt and with a “growth stipulation” attached to the remaining part. And with an end to austerity at the same time. A significant role could be played by the European Central Bank in the management of the debt, if it would act as a real central bank, as, for example, in the case of the U.S.A., namely as a lender of last resort to countries too, and not only to banks. At the same time, there should have been adopted from the very beginning a different model of economic policy placing emphasis on the strengthening of active demand and growth, centered on public investments in every member-state of the Euro-zone. At a European level, it was necessary and is now urgent to adopt a kind of European ‘New Deal’ and to take all necessary measures for precluding a similar financial and credit crisis in the future, via the legislation, among other things, of a “Glass-Steagall European legislative act” for the purpose of separating between commercial and investment activities—and hence between their respective risks—of the banks.

Instead of all that, the European establishment saw an opportunity in the crisis to re-write the post-war European political economy books. To impose a model of neo-liberal capitalism by launching an unprecedented assault against the world of labor, and by dismantling also the post-war social contract.

It fails to tackle the underlying causes of the crisis. It attacks democracy and settles scores with History. This dangerous neo-liberal vengefulness towards History must come to an end in the elections of May 25. We, the citizens of Europe, are taking our own destiny into our hands again.


Greece and the fiscal compact. Mr. Schauble suggests that austerity in Greece is starting to work. You have a primary account surplus, maybe Greece GDP could grow in 2014. What do you think of these statements
?


Indeed, the Greek government has presented an accounting primary surplus for 2013, which however is simultaneously is also the measurement of social disaster. The way it has been achieved renders it unsustainable. This is not asserted simply by SYRIZA. Even the state’s budget authority in parliament, in its trimester report, published a few days ago, makes the same observation. For example, it refers to it as a contribution to the surplus, namely the constraint of spending in the program of public investment by 200 million Euros by comparison to the 2013 target. In other words, the postponement of growth has contributed to this surplus. What is worse is that the social cost of this surplus amounts to an unheard of for a European country at times of peace humanitarian crisis; one where 30% of the labor-force is out of work and 35% of the population faces the danger of poverty and social exclusion. With daily images both in Athens and in other major urban centers of well-dressed people looking for food inside the garbage cans. And with the closing of hospitals and the merging of schools. It is no accident, therefore, that as the poverty deepens, the surplus increases too

With regards to whether the country is going to return to a growth course during 2014, that is something claimed only by the government and the troika. On the contrary, OOCD, the German Council of Economic Experts, as well as the institutional economic adviser to the Greek government—the Center of Planning and Economic Research—are forecasting the continuation of the depression. But the point is not to meet the target of a temporary increase in the percentage of the GDP a little above zero. The extent of the productive and social disaster is so great that Greece needs many years of muscular and socially just growth in order to stand on her feet.


Populist movements are on the rise in the continent. Why and what could be done to prevent their success in next elections? Why Golden Dawn is still rated as the third party in Greece, notwithstanding Pavlos Fyssas’s murder and the arrest of its leaders?


The current rise in Europe of the extreme and the populist Right, as well as that of neo-Nazism, are the political products of neo-liberalism. And while it remains the same so will the phenomenon that you are describing remain undiminished. Populism amounts to cheap words and targets. It is the regress of reason in the face of anger and despair. It is the psychological facility with which some people channel their anger towards the weaker ones and the immigrants.

“Golden Dawn” is not just an extreme right-wing party in Europe. It is a neo-Nazi criminal organization. From a mere 0,3% in the 2009 elections, it reached 7% in 2012, all within the three years of memorandum-based austerity. That is a country which still bears open wounds inflicted by the barbarity of Nazism. One reason that neo-Nazism is flourishing in such a country has to do with a deliberate mitigation of memory about the Nazis and their allies, as explained by the German-Greek historian Hagen Fleischer. Another reason is the despair and anger that reigns among a portion of the population, leading them to the choice of punishment against the political system at large. However, the extreme right-wing is an anti-systemic political force only in words. In order to discover the culprit behind the crisis they blame immigration, not neo-liberalism and the austerity. They have close and affectionate affinities with the economic oligarchy in Greece. For that reason, we believe that they are simply the long arm, the replacement forces at the system’s service, in view of an imminent political change through a SYRIZA government.

What does Europe need to become a true union?

We have repeatedly pointed out that the united Europe will be democratic or it will simply not be. Europe today needs to come out of the long night of neo-liberalism and back into the light of Democracy. It needs a democratic re-foundation in the principles of solidarity and politics—not just the mere institutional equality among member-states. We have to broaden the citizens’ participation in the decision making and the formation of common policies. We have to strengthen the institutions through an immediate democratic legitimacy, like the national parliaments and the European parliament. We have to stop austerity in order to regain democracy; to liberate the Euro-zone from the extreme constraints of the fiscal treaty and secure the transference of national sovereignty at a European level will not result in a loss in democracy. The European institutions of implementation of common policies need to be transparent and under the control of the Parliaments and the citizens with regards to their functions. The task of a democratic, social and ecological Europe is ours. It is for such a Europe that it is worth struggling for.

Der Spiegel crowned you as Europe’s Enemy number 1. Whats your answer?

It all depends on which Europe is one defending. Is it the Europe of the markets and the social inequalities; the one that divides and keeps divided its peoples—in that case, surely, we are its biggest enemy. But for the Europe of solidarity, social cohesion, democracy, and for the Europe of the peoples we are the only hope. The European Left is the choice of dignity, growth and reconstruction—the choice of Democracy.


Who are now Europe’s enemies?

It’s the neo-liberalism that poses the greatest threat to Europe. The crisis has made that plain. The policies of the European populist Right, which are unfortunately followed closely by social-democracy, are actually threatening the European edifice.


Why should you vote Alexis Tsipras and not Martin Schulz?


Because the European Left candidacy is the only hope really for change in Europe. It is a candidacy that combines the demands of the world of labor and culture, in the North, the South, on the East and the West, into one basic program for the democratic re-organization of the Euro-zone and for the democratic re-foundation of the European Union. It is the candidacy of a progressive solution to the crisis—it is not the candidacy of the continuation of the crisis. My friend Martin Schulz is especially likable as a person, but in his case the entire strategic dead-end is personified of the European social-democracy. It’s the dead-end reached by an active adoption of the neo-liberal consensus. No matter how paradoxical it may sound, for the last two decades the social-democracy in Europe has been participating in the dismantling of the post-war social contract, which itself had inspired and co-authored. For that reason it has at this point been severed from its traditional social base. There are many who say that social-democracy should become as radical as reality itself today. Instead, we ask them to simply to stop being a part of the crisis and become a part of its solution, by making a necessary turn left. True, you cannot create the new by using old material. You cannot defend a different prospect than the one under austerity for Europe and at the same time to be Ms Merkel’s accomplice.

A group of Italian intellectual is supporting your bid to be E.U. president? What do you think of their support? Which are the conditions for your “Yes”?

It is really an honor to have received this proposition for the formation of an open, democratic and participatory ballot of the Italian Left, the movements and the society of the citizens—of a ‘Tsipras List’ as it has become codified. For such a novel endeavor to prove hopeful and successful we must proceed decisively but also cautiously. This list has got to be formed from the bottom up, with the initiative of the movements, the intellectuals, the society of citizens. I think it’s something that is already happening. The citizens are self-organizing in every corner of Italy. It is a list of citizens’ self-organization—something very encouraging. At the same time, this effort is going to have to exclude exclusions. To encourage the participation and support by simple citizens first and foremost, but also by all collectivities and organized forces that may require it. Because the ‘success story’ of SYRIZA teaches us that at times of crisis left and radical is that which succeeds to unite. So, let’s put our differences to the side by taking each a step back, in order to take several steps forward together.

What do you think of Movimento 5 stelle and Beppe Grillo? And what about Matteo Renzi? Could you work with both of them for a different Continent?

I wish to make clear that it is not my intention to interfere in the domestic Italian political affairs, nor is it to lead some new party on the Italian political stage. You see, the new list, under formation currently, is not a political party but a coalition of social and political forces with the express goal to change the balance of forces in Europe. With Matteo Renzi and Beppe Grillo, it is true, I have on different questions with each rather different views. However, I will not hesitate to request their collaboration if, as Greece’s prime minister, I come to lead some hard negotiation process in the European Union on behalf not only of the Greek people but of the entire European south. At this moment, however, my candidacy in view of the European elections comes with a crucial question: “Which Europe do we want and under which balance of forces?” It is a question which, on the one hand, Renzi answers by ‘I want the same Europe with the same balance’, while Grillo, on the other, by ‘I don’t care about Europe, let it go whichever way’. Both answers are, I think, wrong and inadequate.


Syriza is leading in Greek polls
. What would be your first move if you were prime minister? Do you hope in early elections and when?

SYRIZA has repeatedly asked for a resort to the people’s will in the ballot. That for the reason that no day goes by without a confirmation between a discrepancy between the government’s majority and the popular will. Mr Samaras has now the people opposite him because he does that himself, through his own policy. We have also repeatedly stressed that the first act of a SYRIZA government will be the ending of austerity and the start of a collective and comprehensive effort, through the active mobilization of the people and all productive forces in the country for its reconstruction and for growth. 2014 will be an election year. It will be the year of the reconstitution of both the popular and the national sovereignty, via a government of the Left, a government of SYRIZA. And the first thing to do will be to request the re-negotiation with our partners in the European Union, not only of the Greek austerity program, the failed memorandum, but also of the European policy of dealing with the crisis.

Are you in favour or not of a return of Greece to the drachma?

As you know the abandonment of the common currency and the monetary competition among countries and peoples in Europe is not our preferred choice. From this crisis we are not going to find a way out along the lines of the memoranda, or through a currency devaluation. We will find a way out through debt removal and a new social agreement. With a European New Deal for the financing of growth, the strengthening of employment and the social cohesion.

Alexis Tsipras



Τσίπρας στη Republica: Η Αριστερά μόνη ελπίδα για αλλαγή στην Ευρώπη

"Η Ευρωπαϊκή Αριστερά" είναι "η μοναδική ελπίδα", η επιλογή "της αξιοπρέπειας, της ανάπτυξης και της ανασυγκρότησης΄", δήλωσε ο πρόεδρος του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ και υποψήφιος για την προεδρία της Κομισιόν, με το Κόμμα Ευρωπαϊκής Αριστεράς, Αλέξης Τσίπρας, σε συνέντευξή του στην ιταλική εφημερίδα Republica της Παρασκευής.

"Το 2014 θα είναι έτος βουλευτικών εκλογών", η "χρονιά της αποκατάστασης της λαϊκής και εθνικής κυριαρχίας, με κυβέρνηση της Αριστεράς, με κυβέρνηση του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ", δήλωσε κατηγορηματικά ο Αλέξης Τσίπρας, ενώ τόνισε ότι "το πρώτο πράγμα που θα κάνουμε θα είναι να ζητήσουμε την επαναδιαπραγμάτευση με τους εταίρους μας στην Ε.Ε., όχι μόνο του ελληνικού προγράμματος της λιτότητας, του αποτυχημένου μνημονίου, αλλά της συνολικής ευρωπαϊκής πολιτικής για την αντιμετώπιση της κρίσης".

Διαβάστε ολόκληρη η συνέντευξη του Αλέξη Τσίπρα:

*Πέντε χρόνια μέσα σε μια κυρίαρχη κρίση χρέους. Πώς αξιολογείτε την ευρωπαϊκή ανταπόκριση; Τι διαφορετικό θα μπορούσατε να κάνατε;

Η συνταγή για την αντιμετώπιση της κρίσης χρέους από την ευρωπαϊκή ηγεσία, σε λίγα χρόνια θα διδάσκεται στις οικονομικές σχολές ως παράδειγμα προς αποφυγήν.

Κατ' αρχάς η κρίση χρέους δεν είναι αποτέλεσμα μόνο ενός λανθασμένου αναπτυξιακού μοντέλου υπερκατανάλωσης με δανεικά, όπως συνέβη στην Ελλάδα. Είναι κυρίως το αποτέλεσμα των περιορισμών και των ασυμμετριών της νομισματικής ένωσης. Συνεπώς, δεν είναι κρίση μεμονωμένων κρατών, της Ελλάδας, της Ιταλίας, και άλλων, όπως σκόπιμα διακηρύσσουν διάφοροι στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση.

Το πολιτικό κατεστημένο της Ευρώπης απάντησε σε μια ευρωπαϊκή κρίση χρέους με την πολιτική της λιτότητας – της λεγόμενης «εσωτερικής υποτίμησης» – η οποία την επιδείνωσε. Και το έκανε αυτό μόνο και μόνο για να διασώσει τις ευρωπαϊκές τράπεζες που διακρατούσαν κρατικά ομόλογα των υπερχρεωμένων χωρών. Λίγο τους απασχολεί ότι αυτό είχε ως συνέπεια την άνοδο στο λόγο δημόσιου χρέους προς το ΑΕΠ. Όπως, εύστοχα, παρατήρησε ο Γιούργκεν Χάμπερμας, μόλις την περασμένη Κυριακή στο Πότσδαμ, η διαχείριση της κρίσης «όχι μόνο δεν αντιμετωπίζει τα αίτια που την προκάλεσαν, αλλά κρύβει και τον κίνδυνο να πάμε σε μια γερμανική Ευρώπη». Είναι χαρακτηριστικό ότι, κατά τη διάρκεια των Μνημονίων και εξαιτίας της λιτότητας, το δημόσιο χρέος της Ελλάδας δεν έγινε απλώς μη βιώσιμο – βγήκε εκτός ελέγχου.

Συνεπώς, αυτό που έπρεπε να είχε γίνει από την αρχή είναι μια «Ευρωπαϊκή Διάσκεψη Χρέους» για τη συνολική, αξιόπιστη και οριστική ρύθμιση της βιωσιμότητας στο δημόσιο χρέος των χωρών της Ευρωζώνης, στο πρότυπο της «Διάσκεψης του Λονδίνου για το Χρέος» το 1953, που ρύθμισε το χρέος της μεταπολεμικής Γερμανίας και της έδωσε την αναγκαία αναπτυξιακή ώθηση, άνοιξε, δηλαδή, το δρόμο σ' αυτό που ονομάστηκε «οικονομικό θαύμα» της Γερμανίας. Με τη διαγραφή μεγάλου μέρους του και «ρήτρα ανάπτυξης» για το υπόλοιπο. Και, παράλληλα, με τερματισμό της λιτότητας. Σημαντικό ρόλο στη διαχείριση του χρέους θα μπορούσε να αναλάβει και η Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα, λειτουργώντας ως πραγματική κεντρική τράπεζα, όπως, για παράδειγμα στις ΗΠΑ, δηλαδή ως δανειστής ύστατης καταφυγής και για τα κράτη – όχι μόνο για τις τράπεζες. Ταυτόχρονα θα έπρεπε να έχει υιοθετηθεί, από την αρχή, ένα διαφορετικό μοντέλο οικονομικής πολιτικής, με έμφαση στην ενίσχυση της ενεργού ζήτησης και της ανάπτυξης και με επίκεντρο τις δημόσιες επενδύσεις σε κάθε κράτος-μέλος της Ευρωζώνης. Σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο, ήταν αναγκαία και τώρα είναι επείγουσα η υιοθέτηση ενός ευρωπαϊκού «New Deal» και η λήψη όλων των αναγκαίων μέτρων για την αποτροπή μιας παρόμοιας χρηματοπιστωτικής κρίσης στο μέλλον, με τη νομοθέτηση, ανάμεσα σε άλλα, μιας «ευρωπαϊκής νομοθετικής πράξης Glass-Steagall» για το διαχωρισμό των εμπορικών και επενδυτικών δραστηριοτήτων – και των αντίστοιχων κινδύνων – στις τράπεζες.

Αντί γι' αυτά, το ευρωπαϊκό κατεστημένο είδε την κρίση ως ευκαιρία να ξαναγράψει τη μεταπολεμική ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική οικονομία. Να επιβάλει το μοντέλο του νεοφιλελεύθερου καπιταλισμού, εξαπολύοντας μια πρωτοφανή επίθεση σε βάρος του κόσμου της εργασίας και διαρρηγνύοντας το μεταπολεμικό κοινωνικό συμβόλαιο.

Δεν αντιμετωπίζει τα αίτια της κρίσης. Επιτίθεται στη Δημοκρατία και ξεκαθαρίζει λογαριασμούς με την Ιστορία. Αυτή η επικίνδυνη νεοφιλελεύθερη εκδίκηση προς την Ιστορία πρέπει να λάβει τέλος στις ευρωπαϊκές εκλογές της 25ης Μαΐου. Εμείς, οι πολίτες της Ευρώπης, κρατάμε ξανά τις τύχες μας στα χέρια μας.

*Αναφορικά με την Ελλάδα και το Μνημόνιο. Ο κ. Σόιμπλε είναι της άποψης ότι η πολιτική λιτότητας στην Ελλάδα έχει αρχίσει να δουλεύει. Εχετε ένα πρωτογενές πλεόνασμα και ίσως το ελληνικό ΑΕΠ να παρουσιάσει αύξηση το 2014. Τι πιστέυετε για όλα τα παραπάνω;

Πράγματι, η ελληνική κυβέρνηση έχει εμφανίσει ένα λογιστικό πρωτογενές πλεόνασμα για το 2013, το οποίο όμως ταυτόχρονα είναι και το μέτρο της κοινωνικής καταστροφής. Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο έχει επιτευχθεί, το καθιστά μη διατηρήσιμο. Και το ότι είναι μη διατηρήσιμο δεν το ισχυρίζεται απλώς ο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ. Το επισημαίνει το Γραφείο Προϋπολογισμού του Κράτους στη Βουλή, στην τελευταία τριμηνιαία έκθεσή του, η οποία δόθηκε στη δημοσιότητα πριν από λίγες μέρες.

Για παράδειγμα, αναφέρει ως συμβολή στο πλεόνασμα τον περιορισμό των δαπανών του προγράμματος δημόσιων επενδύσεων κατά €200 εκατ. σε σχέση με το στόχο για το 2013. Δηλαδή, η αναβολή της ανάπτυξης συνέβαλε στο πλεόνασμα. Το χειρότερο όμως είναι πως το κοινωνικό κόστος αυτού του πλεονάσματος είναι μια πρωτοφανής για ευρωπαϊκή χώρα σε καιρό ειρήνης ανθρωπιστική κρίση, με το 30% του εργατικού δυναμικού άνεργο και το 35% του πληθυσμού να αντιμετωπίζει τον κίνδυνο της φτώχειας και του κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού. Με καθημερινές τις εικόνες στην Αθήνα και τα μεγάλα αστικά κέντρα καλοντυμένων ανθρώπων να ψάχνουν στα σκουπίδια για τροφή. Με το κλείσιμο νοσοκομείων και τη συγχώνευση σχολείων. Δεν είναι, λοιπόν, τυχαίο ότι, όσο η φτώχεια μεγαλώνει, τόσο μεγαλώνει και το πρωτογενές πλεόνασμα

Ως προς το αν η χώρα θα ξαναγυρίσει στην ανάπτυξη το 2014, αυτό μόνον η κυβέρνηση και η τρόικα το ισχυρίζονται. Αντίθετα, ο ΟΟΣΑ, το γερμανικόΣυμβούλιο Οικονομικών Εμπειρογνωμόνων, καθώς επίσης και ο θεσμικός, οικονομικός σύμβουλος της ελληνικής κυβέρνησης – το Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών – προβλέπουν παράταση της ύφεσης. Αλλά το θέμα δεν είναι να πετύχουμε ένα προσωρινό ποσοστό αύξησης του ΑΕΠ λίγο πάνω από το μηδέν. Η έκταση της παραγωγικής και κοινωνικής καταστροφής είναι τέτοια, που η Ελλάδα χρειάζεται πολλά χρόνια ισχυρής και κοινωνικά δίκαιης ανάπτυξης για να ορθοποδήσει.

*Τα λαϊκιστικά κινήματα βρίσκονται σε έξαρση στην Ευρώπη. Τι και για ποιό λόγο θα μπορούσε να προλάβει την επιτυχία τους στις επόμενες εκλογές; Γιατί η Χρυσή Αυγή εξακολουθεί να παραμένει τρίτο κόμμα, παρά το γεγονός της δολοφονίας του Παύλου Φύσσα και της σύλληψής των ηγετών της;

Η άνοδος της άκρας και λαϊκιστικής δεξιάς και του νεοναζισμού στην Ευρώπη είναι το πολιτικό προϊόν του νεοφιλελευθερισμού.Και όσο δεν αλλάζει τόσο το φαινόμενο που περιγράφετε δεν θα υποχωρεί. Ο λαϊκισμός είναι ο εύκολος λόγος και ο εύκολος στόχος. Η υποχώρηση της λογικής στην οργή και την απελπισία. Η ψυχολογική ευκολία με την οποία κάποιοι άνθρωποι διοχετεύουν αυτήν την οργή στους αδύνατους, στους μετανάστες.

Η «Χρυσή Αυγή» δεν αποτελεί απλώς ένα ακόμα ακροδεξιό κόμμα στην Ευρώπη. Είναι μια νεοναζιστική εγκληματική οργάνωση. Από το 0,3% των εκλογών του 2009 έφτασε το 2012 στο 7%, μέσα στην τριετία της μνημονιακής λιτότητας. Και μάλιστα σε μια χώρα, η οποία έχει ακόμα ανοιχτές πληγές από τη θηριωδία του ναζισμού. Ένας λόγος που ο νεοναζισμός ανθεί σε μια τέτοια χώρα είναι και η εσκεμμένη άμβλυνση της μνήμης για τους ναζί και τους συμμάχους τους, όπως την εξηγεί ο Γερμανοέλληνας ιστορικός Χάγκεν Φλάισερ.

Ένας άλλος απελπισία και οργή που επικρατεί σε μεγάλο μέρος των λαϊκών στρωμάτων και τα οδηγεί στην επιλογή της τιμωρίας του πολιτικού συστήματος εν γένει. Ωστόσο η άκρα δεξιά μόνο στα λόγια είναι αντισυστημική δύναμη. Για τη κρίση ενοχοποιεί τη μετανάστευση για την κρίση – όχι το νεοφιλελευθερισμό και τη λιτότητα. Με την οικονομική ολιγαρχία στην Ελλάδα έχει σχέσεις στοργής. Για αυτό και πιστεύουμε ότι δεν είναι παρά το μακρύ χέρι, η εφεδρεία του συστήματος, απέναντι στην επερχόμενη πολιτική αλλαγή με κυβέρνηση του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ.

*Τι χρειάζεται η Ευρώπη για να γίνει μια αληθινή «ένωση»;

Έχουμε κατ' επανάληψη επισημάνει ότι η ενωμένη Ευρώπη ή θα είναι δημοκρατική ή δεν θα υπάρξει. Η Ευρώπη σήμερα χρειάζεται να βγει από τη μεγάλη νύχτα του νεοφιλελευθερισμού ξανά στο φως της Δημοκρατίας. Χρειάζεται δημοκρατική επανίδρυση στις αρχές της αλληλεγγύης και της πολιτικής –και όχι απλά θεσμικής- ισότητας ανάμεσα στα κράτη-μέλη. Πρέπει να διευρύνουμε τη συμμετοχή των πολιτών στη λήψη αποφάσεων και στο σχεδιασμό των κοινών πολιτικών.

Πρέπει να ενδυναμώσουμε τους θεσμούς με άμεση δημοκρατική νομιμοποίηση, όπως είναι τα εθνικά κοινοβούλια και το Ευρωπαϊκό. Πρέπει να σταματήσουμε τη λιτότητα για να ξανακερδίσουμε τη δημοκρατία, να απεγκλωβίσουμε την Ευρωζώνη από τους ακραίους περιορισμούς του δημοσιονομικού συμφώνου και να διασφαλίσουμε ότι η μεταφορά εθνικής κυριαρχίας σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο δεν συνεπάγεται και απώλεια δημοκρατίας. Οι ευρωπαϊκοί θεσμοί εφαρμογής κοινών πολιτικών πρέπει να είναι διαφανείς και ελεγχόμενοι στη λειτουργία τους από τα Κοινοβούλια και τους πολίτες. Δικός μας στόχος είναι η δημοκρατική, κοινωνική και οικολογική Ευρώπη. Για μια τέτοια ενωμένη Ευρώπη αξίζει να αγωνιστούμε.

*Το DerSpiegel σας έχει ανακηρύξει ως τον υπ΄αριθμόν ένα εχθρό της Ευρώπης. Τι απαντάτε σ΄αυτό;

Εξαρτάται ποια Ευρώπη υπερασπίζεται κανείς. Για την Ευρώπη των αγορών και των κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων, για την Ευρώπη που διαιρεί και διχάζει τους λαούς, ναι πράγματι είμαστε ο μεγαλύτερος αντίπαλος. Για την Ευρώπη της αλληλεγγύης, της κοινωνικής συνοχής και της δημοκρατίας, για την Ευρώπη των λαών, είμαστε η μοναδική ελπίδα Η Ευρωπαϊκή Αριστερά είναι η επιλογή της αξιοπρέπειας, της ανάπτυξης και της ανασυγκρότησης, η επιλογή της Δημοκρατίας.

*Ποιοί είναι σήμερα οι εχθροί της Ευρώπης;

Ο νεοφιλελευθερισμός είναι η μεγάλη απειλή για την Ευρώπη. Η κρίση αυτό το έκανε σαφές. Η πολιτική της ευρωπαϊκής λαϊκής δεξιάς, που δυστυχώς ακολουθεί κατά πόδας η ευρωπαϊκή σοσιαλδημοκρατία, είναι που θέτει σε κίνδυνο το ευρωπαϊκό οικοδόμημα.

*Γιατί να ψηφίσει κανείς τον Αλέξη Τσίπρα και όχι τον Μάρτιν Σούλτς;

Γιατί η υποψηφιότητα της Ευρωπαϊκής Αριστεράς είναι η μόνη ελπίδα για αλλαγή στην Ευρώπη. Είναι υποψηφιότητα που συνθέτει τα αιτήματα του κόσμου της εργασίας και του πολιτισμού, στο Βορρά, το Νότο, την Ανατολή ή τη Δύση, σ' ένα βασικό πρόγραμμα για τη δημοκρατική ανασυγκρότηση της Ευρωζώνης και τη δημοκρατική επανίδρυση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.

Είναι η υποψηφιότητα της προοδευτικής λύσης στην κρίση – δεν είναι η υποψηφιότητα της συνέχισης της κρίσης. Ο φίλος μου Μάρτιν Σουλτς μου είναι ως άνθρωπος ιδιαίτερα συμπαθής, αλλά στο πρόσωπό του εκφράζεται το στρατηγικό αδιέξοδο της ευρωπαϊκής σοσιαλδημοκρατίας. Αδιέξοδο στο οποίο την έχει οδηγήσει η ενεργητική υιοθέτηση της νεοφιλελεύθερης συναίνεσης. Όσο παράδοξο κι αν ακούγεται, εδώ και περίπου δύο δεκαετίες, η ευρωπαϊκή σοσιαλδημοκρατία συμμετέχει στη διάρρηξη του μεταπολεμικού κοινωνικού συμβολαίου, το οποίο η ίδια ενέπνευσε και συνδιαμόρφωσε. Και για το λόγο αυτό έχει, πλέον, αποκοπεί από την παραδοσιακή κοινωνική και πολιτική της βάση. Πολλοί λένε ότι η σοσιαλδημοκρατία πρέπει να γίνει τόσο ριζοσπαστική όσο και η σημερινή πραγματικότητα. Εμείς απλά τη καλούμε να πάψει να είναι μέρος της κρίσης και να γίνει μέρος της λύσης, κάνοντας την αναγκαία στροφή προς τα' αριστερά. Αλλά το καινούργιο δε μπορείς να το φτιάξεις με παλιά υλικά. Δε μπορείς να υπερασπίζεσαι μια διαφορετική προοπτική από αυτή της λιτότητας για την Ευρώπη και ταυτόχρονα να είσαι αγκαζέ και με τη κα Μέρκελ.

*Μια ομάδα Ιταλών διανοουμένων υποστηρίζει την υποψηφιότητά σας για την προεδρία της Ε.Ε. Τι πιστεύετε για τη στήριξη αυτή; Ποιοί είναι οι όροι για το «ναί» σας;

Είναι πράγματι τιμητική η πρόταση που μου έγινε για τη δημιουργία ενός ανοικτού, δημοκρατικού και συμμετοχικού ψηφοδελτίου της ιταλικής Αριστεράς, των κινημάτων και της κοινωνίας των πολιτών, μιας «Λίστας Τσίπρα», όπως έχει κωδικοποιηθεί. Για να αποδειχθεί, όμως, ελπιδοφόρο και πετυχημένο αυτό το πρωτότυπο εγχείρημα, οφείλουμε να προχωρήσουμε αποφασιστικά αλλά και προσεχτικά. Η λίστα αυτή πρέπει να συγκροτηθεί από τα κάτω, με πρωτοβουλία των κινημάτων, των διανοουμένων, της κοινωνίας των πολιτών. Αυτό νομίζω πως ήδη συμβαίνει. Οι πολίτες αυτό-οργανώνονται σε κάθε γωνιά της Ιταλίας.

Είναι μια λίστα πραγματικής αυτό-οργάνωσης των πολιτών. Και αυτό είναι πολύ ενθαρρυντικό. Ταυτόχρονα όμως η προσπάθεια αυτή θα πρέπει και να αποκλείει τους αποκλεισμούς. Να προτρέπει σε συμμετοχή και στήριξη πρώτα από όλα τους απλούς πολίτες, αλλά και απ' όλες τις συλλογικότητες και τις οργανωμένες δυνάμεις που θα το θελήσουν. Διότι το success story του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ μας διδάσκει ότι στις μέρες της κρίσης αριστερό και ριζοσπαστικό είναι ότι ενώνει. Ας βάλουμε λοιπόν όλοι τις διαφορές μας στο πλάι, ας κάνουμε ένα βήμα πίσω προκειμένου να κάνουμε πολλά βήματα, μαζί, μπροστά.

*Τι πιστεύετε για το κίνημα των πέντε αστέρων του Μπέπε Γκρίλλο; Και τι για τον Ματέο Ρέντσι; Θα μπορούσατε να συνεργαστείτε και με τους δυο για μια διαφορετική Ευρώπη;

Θέλω να ξεκαθαρίσω ότι η πρόθεσή μου δεν είναι ούτε να παρέμβω στα Ιταλικά πολιτικά πράγματα, ούτε να ηγηθώ ενός νέου κόμματος στην Ιταλική πολιτική σκηνή. ΄Λλωστε η υπο διαμόρφωση λίστα δεν είναι ένα νέο κόμμα αλλά ένας συνασπισμός κοινωνικών και πολιτικών δυνάμεων με ειδικό σκοπό την αλλαγή των συσχετισμών στην Ευρώπη. Με τον Ματέο Ρέντζι και τον Πέπε Γκρίλο, άλλωστε, έχω σε διαφορετικά με τον καθένα ζητήματα, διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις.

Ωστόσο δεν θα διστάσω να ζητήσω τη συνεργασία τους, αν ως πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδας ηγηθώ μιας σκληρής διαπραγματευτικής διαδικασίας στην Ε.Ε. , για λογαριασμό όχι μόνο του Ελληνικού λαού αλλά ολόκληρου του Ευρωπαϊκού Νότου. Αυτή τη στιγμή, όμως, η υποψηφιότητά μου ενόψει των ευρωεκλογών θέτει ένα κρίσιμο ερώτημα: ¨Ποια Ευρώπη θέλουμε και με ποιους συσχετισμούς;¨ Ένα ερώτημα στο οποίο ο μεν Ρέντζι απαντά : ¨θέλω την ίδια Ευρώπη με τους ίδιους συσχετισμούς¨, ο δε Γκρίλο απαντά : ¨Δε με νοιάζει η Ευρώπη, ότι θέλει ας γίνει¨. Και οι δύο απαντήσεις, πιστεύω είναι λάθος και ανεπαρκείς.

*Ο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ έχει την πρωτιά στις δημοσκοπήσεις στην Ελλάδα. Ποιά θα ήταν η πρώτη σας κίνηση αν εκλεγόσασταν πρωθυπουργός; Ελπίζετε σε πρόωρες εκλογές και πότε;

Ο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ έχει επανειλημμένα ζητήσει προσφυγή στη λαϊκή ετυμηγορία. Και αυτό γιατί καθημερινά διαπιστώνεται η δυσαρμονία ανάμεσα στην κυβερνητική πλειοψηφία και τη λαϊκή θέληση. Ο κ. Σαμαράς έχει το λαό απέναντί του διότι ο ίδιος, με την πολιτική του, τον βάζει καθημερινά απέναντί του.

Έχουμε,επίσης, κατ' επανάληψη υπογραμμίσει ότι η πρώτη πράξη της κυβέρνησης του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ θα είναι ο τερματισμός της λιτότητας και το ξεκίνημα μιας συνολικής και συλλογικής προσπάθειας, με την ενεργή κινητοποίηση του λαού και όλων των παραγωγικών δυνάμεων του τόπου, για την ανασυγκρότηση της χώρας και την ανάπτυξη. Το 2014 θα είναι έτος βουλευτικών εκλογών. Θα είναι η χρονιά της αποκατάστασης της λαϊκής και εθνικής κυριαρχίας, με κυβέρνηση της Αριστεράς, με κυβέρνηση του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ. Και το πρώτο πράγμα που θα κάνουμε θα είναι να ζητήσουμε την επαναδιαπραγμάτευση με τους εταίρους μας στην Ε.Ε., όχι μόνο του ελληνικού προγράμματος της λιτότητας, του αποτυχημένου μνημονίου, αλλά της συνολικής ευρωπαϊκής πολιτικής για την αντιμετώπιση της κρίσης.

*Είστε υπέρ ή κατά της επιστροφής της Ελλάδας στη Δραχμή;

Όπως γνωρίζετε δεν αποτελεί επιλογή μας η εγκατάλειψη του κοινού νομίσματος και ο νομισματικός ανταγωνισμός ανάμεσα στα κράτη και στους λαούς της Ευρώπης. Από τη κρίση δε θα βγούμε ούτε με εσωτερική υποτίμηση όπως θέλουν τα μνημόνια, ούτε με νομισματική υποτίμηση. Από τη κρίση θα βγούμε με διαγραφή χρέους και μια νέα κοινωνική συμφωνία. Με ένα Ευρωπαϊκό New Deal για τη χρηματοδότηση της ανάπτυξης, την ενίσχυση της απασχόλησης και της κοινωνικής συνοχής".




Austerity is not working, Greece's Tsipras says By Christine Pirovolakis and Takis Tsafos, dpa Eds: Exclusive dpa interview

Athens (dpa) - Sitting in his parliamentary office in central Athens, Alexis Tsipras exudes confidence as latest opinion polls show that he is getting his party‘s message across: Austerity is not working.

"Today‘s Europe of austerity is redistributing wealth to a minority and fear to the majority ... austerity has led Europe into a dead end and it must be stopped immediately," the 39-year-old rising star of the European left tells dpa.

Born three days after the fall of the Greek military junta in 1974, the energetic civil engineer and leader of Greece‘s main opposition left-wing party, SYRIZA, was nominated last month as the radical left‘s candidate for European Commission president.

His candidacy for Europe‘s top job comes at a pivotal time, not only for Greece, but for Europe in general.

Analysts are predicting a voter backlash and an expression of euro-skepticism in May‘s European Parliament elections, which could ultimately alter the direction and agenda of EU politics for the next five years.

Mainstream parties stand to suffer big losses, while fringe parties on the extreme right and left of the political spectrum are poised to score major gains as cuts in public spending and tax hikes disgruntle voters.

"Austerity has further divided Europe into a creditor North and a debtor South ... austerity poses a threat to the future of Europe and must be terminated immediately," Tsipras argues.

"We must focus on the re-founding of a unified Europe, one that has solidarity, social cohesion and democracy ... and with my candidacy for the left we want to move forward with a political perspective for Europe, which will once again bring optimism, security and hope to the people of Europe."

Greece itself is scheduled to hold municipal elections on May 18 and 25, and that vote is widely expected to punish the ruling coalition that negotiated harsh bailout terms with international creditors.

Tsipras wants "a renegotiation of Greece‘s loan agreement and a restructuring of the country‘s debt so as to make it sustainable and pave the way for Greece to return to growth." He also suggests a plan to solve the region‘s crisis, a European Debt Conference, similar to the 1953 London Debt Agreement that brought debt relief to post-war Germany.

"Greece and Europe need a ‘New Deal‘," he says, arguing that more than 98 per cent of the 240 billion euros (326 billion dollars) that Greece has received in bailout loans since 2010 has gone to repaying past loans and pumping up the country‘s indebted banks.

"It is a myth that the money that Greece has borrowed from the European Union has been directed to and invested in the real economy, he says, adding that "the country‘s debt-to-GDP ratio and unemployment rate have got up, rather than down, following the bailout programmes."

Tsipras is also critical of German Chancellor Angela Merkel‘s role in managing the euro debt-crisis, arguing that her actions have ended up benefiting her country‘s banks.

"Germany has saved in interest payments some 40 billion euros from the abrupt and significant fall in yields on benchmark German bonds during the crisis and of course it is not the average German taxpayer who has benefited from this but rather the banks and the elite."

Merkel‘s strategy is short-sighted since it includes the "risk of the dissolution of Europe and the eurozone in the long-term."

Asked what message he would give Merkel if elected either president of the European Commission or prime minister of Greece, Tsipras says Merkel should pay closer attention to her political mentor Helmut Kohl, who in 1991 famously said: "Our country is Germany but our future is Europe."

"Merkel should not be short-sighted because if Europe is dissolved then Germany too will not have a future," he warns.

Greece could be the spark for defeating austerity across Europe - video interview

With the eurozone crisis flaring up again, the radical left party Syriza is leading in the Greek polls. Its leader, Alexis Tsipras, tells Seumas Milne that Syriza offers a real alternative to Europe's failed neoliberal order. He says traditional parties are failing voters by colluding in austerity, creating opportunities for fascist parties such as Golden Dawn

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